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This image is of an oxyhydrogen torch. Notice the thin lateral dimensions, and the long distance of the flame. Also notice that the flame begins a short distance from the torch tip; if the distance is great enough the torch tip can remain relatively cool.

The "Extension of lean-limit capability". Shown is a leaning of the air/fuel ratio from 1.7 to ~1.87, which is approximately a 10% increase in the lean limit.

Some water torch models mix the two gases immediately after production (instead of at the torch tip) making the gas mixture more accurate. This electrolyzer design is referred to as common-ducted, and the first was invented by William A. Rhodes in 1966. Oxyhydrogen gas produced in a common-ducted electrolyzer is commonly referred to as Brown's gas, after Yull Brown who received a utility patent for a series cell common-ducted electrolyzer in 1977 and 1978.

Construction

A common ducted electrolyzer built in a cylindrical fashion. This is the first common ducted electrolyzer design issued a United States patent in 1966 to William A. Rhodes.

Brown's electrolyzer comprised:

the cells as a single unit in which a number of electrodes, effectively in series, are arranged adjacent each other in a common electrolytic chamber, the chamber being provided with a gas collection space and an outlet for connection to, for example, gas burner means. Furthermore, only the end electrodes need be connected to an external source of electrical energy and the arrangement as a whole can be made extremely efficient and compact. Additionally the need for a transformer for most applications can be eliminated by such an arrangement so that the apparatus can be designed to be electrically connected directly to a main electrical supply, through a bridge rectifier if desired. By eliminating the need for a transformer, the gas generating equipment as a whole can be made surprisingly compact, to be well suited for small domestic requirements as well as heavy industrial requirements.

Applications

The series cell design by Yull Brown. Notice the power source connected to only the outer two plates. Also note the single gas output duct, signifying the predominant characteristic of Brown's electrolyzer.

• Torch use. Yull Brown claimed "a method of oxy/hydrogen welding, brazing or the like".
• Fuel enhancement; hydrogen affects the burn rate of fuels and lean combustion capabilities of internal combustion engines. For Diesel applications; "When the hydrogen enriched air is compressed, the diesel fuel is introduced with a resulting improvement in fuel efficiency and maximized combustion of the fuel". Fuel enhancement has the potential to substantially reduce pollution emissions of internal combustion engines; research in 2004 concluded that "HC-emissions as well as NOx-emissions could be reduced to near zero". A 50% reduction in gasoline consumption, at idle, was reported by numerically analyzing "the effect of hydrogen enriched gasoline on the performance, emissions and fuel consumption of a small spark-ignition engine". When Brown's Gas burns it forms water, resulting in cooling the combustion chambers of engines, effectively allowing for greater compression ratios (see: Water injection). Hydrogen "addition can guarantee a regular running", of the engine "with many advantages in terms of emissions levels and fuel consumption reduction". Hydrogen fuel enhancement can be optimized by implementing established lean burn concepts, and at minimum to achieve an actual increase in gas mileage the air/fuel ratio needs appropriate modification. "Overall, increases in engine efficiency are more dominant than the energy loss incurred in generating hydrogen, resulting in improved fuel economy for the system as a whole".<ref name="H"/> This is supported by computational analysis that "has marked the possibility of operating with high air overabundance (lean or ultra-lean mixtures) without a performance decrease, but with great advantages on pollution emissions and fuel consumption".
• Heating. Sang Nam Kim claims "an energy generating apparatus using the cyclic combustion of Brown gas wherein a heat generating unit is heated to a temperature of 1,000.degree. C".

Claims

A claimed heating apparatus using Brown's Gas to heat an element to 1,000° C.

• Brown's gas is "a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen generated in substantially stoichiometric proportions in an electrolytic cell by electrolytic dissociation of water". Because Brown's Gas is produced via electrolysis its production conforms to the 1^st and 2^nd laws of electrolysis.

• A Brown's gas electrolyzer is designed with "an outlet" emitting hydrogen and oxygen "in substantially stoichiometric proportions". A single gas output is typically referred to as common ducted, and a stoichiometric proportion of hydrogen and oxygen is typically referred to as oxyhydrogen.

• Yull Brown claimed that Brown's Gas eliminates "many of the disadvantages associated with conventional gas welding practice", "particularly for users working remote from a supply depot and for whom there might be an appreciable delay between the placing of an order for a delivery of gas", and "the actual delivery". This is specifically with regard to "cylinders (or "bottles") of gas, usually oxygen and acetylene".

• "Hydrogen-oxygen welding has the advantage that it does not pollute the atmosphere as does oxy-acetylene welding".

• Varying flame temperature: this effect is explained by inaccurate infrared thermometry, and measurement of the target material rather than the flame itself.

Videos

Brown's Gas Videos

• Video #1A (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video1A.html) Brown's Gas sublimating tungsten.
• Video #1 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video1.html) Brown's Gas cutting aluminum.
• Video #2 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video2.html) Brown's Gas brazing.
• Video #3 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video3.html) Brown's Gas dousn't immediately burn skin.
• Video #4 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video4.html) Brown's Gas dousn't boil water.
• Video #5 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video5.html) A Video of BEST Korea's (http://www.browngas.com) Brown's Gas generator. Other information also.
• Video #6 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video6.html) A Video of Brown's Gas production in the HyZor automotive series generator produced by Eagle Research (http://www.eagle-research.com).
• Video #7 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/TheWidespreadHHOVideo.html) The widespread HHO Video aired on Fox News.
• Video #7A (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/BGTV.html) This is a television broadcast dealing with Brown's Gas. Much as the widespread HHO video detailed, this video details Brown's Gas.
• Video #11 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video11.html) This is a video of Brown's Gas versus acetylene. Brown's Gas can punch a hole faster than Acetylene.
• Video #12 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video12.html) This a another video of Brown's Gas racing acetylene. Brown's Gas cuts faster than Acetylene.
• Video #13 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video13.html) This is another video of Brown's Gas racing Acetylene.
• Video #14 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video14.html) Brown's Gas makes extremely clean cuts, with negnligible slag buildup.
• Video #15 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video15.html) A video of Brown's Gas brazing, soldering, and welding various metals.
• Video #16 (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com/Videos/Video16.html) A video of Brown's Gas punching a hole through ceramic material.

Patents

• U.S. Patent 4014777 (http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=4014777) (G.patent (http://www.google.com/patents?q=4014777); PDF (http://www.pat2pdf.org/pat2pdf/foo.pl?number=4014777)) Yull Brown's generator patent filed with the USPTO and issued in 1977
• U.S. Patent 3262872 (http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=3262872) (G.patent (http://www.google.com/patents?q=3262872); PDF (http://www.pat2pdf.org/pat2pdf/foo.pl?number=3262872)) William Rhodes generator patent filed with the USPTO and issued in 1966
• U.S. Patent 7014740 (http://patft.uspto.gov/netacgi/nph-Parser?patentnumber=7014740) (G.patent (http://www.google.com/patents?q=7014740); PDF (http://www.pat2pdf.org/pat2pdf/foo.pl?number=7014740)) Sang-Nam Kim's US Patent for his Brown's Gas generator design filed with the USPTO and issued in 2006

External articles and references

Publications

• Nexus Magazine
  • Issue No 7, Summer 1989, "Fire From Water"
  • Issue No 8, Autumn 1989, "Jules Verne to Yull Brown, An Urban Myth Come True"
  • Issue No 9, 1989-1990, "Water Power--Fuel of the Future Today"
• Extraordinary Science Magazine, Vol 5 (3), Jul-Aug-Sep 1993, "Brown's Gas, A Revolutionary Breakthrough"
• Explore Magazine
  • Vol 3 (2), 1992, "Fire From Water, Saga of Yull Brown" (Part 1)
  • Vol 3 (3), 1992, "Fire From Water, Saga of Yull Brown" (Part 2)
  • Vol 3 (6), 1992, "Fire From Water, Saga of Yull Brown" (Part 3)
  • Planetary Association For Clean Energy, Vol. 6, No 4, "Transmutations of Radioactive Materials with Yull Brown's Gas"
• MaxaPower Technical Bulletin, "The Aqua-Phase Shift Technology 1991"

Further infromation

• The Water/Fuel Converters Project (http://www.waterfuelconverters.com) A Noah Seidman project designed to clarify the distinction between Brown's Gas, Rhodes Gas, Oxy-Hydrogen, HHO, and the production methods thereof.

Companies

• Arizona Hydrogen (http://www.azhydrogen.com/) A domestic manufacturer of generators. This company is an operation that was born from the work of William Rhodes. It has not been determined whether these generators are pressurized or not.
• BEST Korea (http://www.browngas.com/) The primary Korean manufacturer of Brown's Gas generators. They have the worlds largest ongoing manufacturing operation of Brown's Gas generators. They have a slew of intelecual property rights in Korea. They possess novel designs for systems that use Brown's Gas as the sole fuel in residential heating, and incineration systems.
• Stan Rubinstein & Assoc. (http://www.srasolder.com/) An American manufactuer of Brown's Gas generators specifically for precision jewlery applications.
• The Water Torch Collective, LTD (http://www.watertorch.com/) A Canadian organization providing access and substantial information about Brown's Gas technologies.
• Eagle Research (http://www.eagle-research.com/) A Canadian research organization that has documented substantive information about Brown's Gas. "Brown's Gas Book 1" and "Brown's Gas Book 2", that the company provides, are some of the most important contributions to the field of Brown's Gas since it's invention. The book contains extremely pertinent research data, practical analysis, and implication consideration.

See also

• Directory:Brown's Gas

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