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Directory:Biofuels

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Directory of resourses related to the process of converting organic-based matter into burnable fuel as a replacement for fossil fuel.

Considering the fuel costs involved in farming, is not the concept of biofuels somewhat contradictory? Yes, the final product may have chemically derived from a plant-based origin, but how much "fossil" fuel is consumed in the process of creating each gallon of biofuel?

For this reason, programs that recycle/convert already existing pre-cursors into fuel seem the most plausible, such as griesel or biomass.

Table of contents
1 Fast Facts
2 Wishful Thinking
3 Open Source
4 Types of Biofuel
5 Companies
6 Research & Development
7 Cautions
8 Humor
9 Resources

1 See also

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Fast Facts

Almost all of the arable land on Earth would need to be covered with the fastest-growing known energy crops, such as switchgrass, to produce the amount of energy currently consumed from fossil fuels annually. (U.S. DOE (http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/reports/files/SEU_rpt.pdf) (176-page PDF))

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Wishful Thinking

  • Biofuels Take Off in Some Countries (http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/31182/story.htm) - Potential to become a key transportation fuel. (Reuters; June 8, 2005)
  • Major Biofuel Projects Around the World (http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/31183/story.htm) - List of some existing or planned biofuel projects around the world, including U.S., Malaysia, Brazil, Austria, Spain, France, U.K., Saudi Arabia. (Reuters; June 8, 2005)
  • Rising Use of Biofuel may drag Crude Prices below US$ 40 per Barrel (http://www.rncos.com/Blog/2007/01/rising-use-of-biofuel-may-drag-crude.html) - Rising supplies of biofuel are shaving demand growth of traditional auto fuels. With the increasing popularity of fuels & additives derived from soybean, corn, oilseed, and sugarcane, money is likely to switch from oil futures on New York Mercantile Exchange to Chicago's grain futures market. (RNCOS; Jan. 8, 2007)
  • Farm-Grown Biofuels Look to Siphon Oil Demand (http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/31180/story.htm) - Homegrown crops offer consuming nations the opportunity to cut hefty oil import bills, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and revitalise agricultural incomes. (Reuters; June 8, 2005)
  • Biofuel Increasingly Competitive if Oil Surge Lasts (http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/31356/story.htm) - Biofuels would be increasingly competitive if crude oil prices, which are back near all-time highs, were to go beyond $60 a barrel. (Reuters; June 8, 2005)
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Open Source

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Types of Biofuel

  • Camelina sativa (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelina_sativa) - Being grown by Targeted Growth (http://www.targetedgrowth.com/agriculture_camelina.php), it is high in Omega-3 fatty acids (45%) and is being used as a "marginal ground" crop being optimized for human and biofuel consumption and categorized as a "functional food".
  • The fuel of the future? Say 'cheese' (http://www.fdlreporter.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20071104/FON03/711040504/1327) - Wisconsin entrepreneur Joe Van Groll's company, Grand Meadow Energy LLC, produces both ethanol and bio-diesel from waste from surrounding cheese plants and raw canola oil from a nearby farm. (FDL Reporter; Nov. 4, 2007)
  • China Develops Technology To Generate Power from Grass (http://english.gov.cn/2005-12/27/content_212370.htm) - One kilogram of English cordgrass (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spartina_anglica), an overgrowing burden since its introduction into China in the 1970s, can produce two cubic meters of flammable gas, which can generate one kilowatt-hour of electricity. All 3.3 million hectares of English cordgrass could produce 75 billion kw-h. (Sci-Tech Today; Dec. 27, 2005)
  • Honduras Taps Biodiesel From Fish Guts (http://www.treehugger.com/files/2007/07/honduran_tilapi.php) - A fish farm in El Borboton, is using fish guts--heads, skins, and internal organs--to produce biodiesel. Instead of dumping what's left after filleting for commercial sale, Saint Peter's cooks the parts down to produce 300,000 gallons of fish oil fuel. (TreeHugger; July 31, 2007)
  • Cannabis Hemp as a Global Warming Solution - Proponents argue that easily grown and robust Cannabis Hemp is one of the best if not the very best plants overall for fuel, building supplies, medicine, fiber, food, paper, and substitute for wood. Some go so far as to argue that it could be the best solution to global warming. (PESWiki; Feb. 28, 2008)
  • Sweet sorghum, clean miracle crop for feed and fuel (http://www.physorg.com/news129876999.html) - The hardy sweet sorghum plant could be the miracle crop that provides cheap animal feed and fuel without straining the world's food supply or harming the environment, said scientists working on a pilot farming project in India. (Physorg; May 13, 2008)
  • Switch Grass (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Switch_grass) - A perennial and has a huge biomass output, the raw plant material used to make biofuel, of 6-10 tons per acre, starting to be produced near Guymon, OK (http://domesticfuel.com/2008/04/24/oklahoma-to-grow-switchgrass-for-ethanol/).
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Companies

3.16 Minutes Vertical Algae biofuel Growing
Valcent's own video of Vertigro (http://www.valcent.net/s/Home.asp). (You Tube (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ToojK_MJd0) Feb. 1, 2008)

  • Green World Biofuels (http://www.greenworldbiofuels.com/) - Exists to assist farmers, cooperatives, schools, small businesses and individuals to establish small scale local production of biodiesel based on locally available resources.The Ester Machine is a complete biodiesel production system that enables the operator to turn used fryer or virgin vegetable oils into high quality finished fuel.
  • Vaperma (http://www.vaperma.com) - With its innovative Siftek™ membrane technology in hand, Vaperma looks to revolutionize the biofuels industry by creating a unique membrane for the purification (dewatering) of syngas - a 99%-pure ethanol product with energy saving up to 40%. It has teamed with Greenfield Ethanol in Canada to prove it and Dedini in Brazil (ethanol equipment provider) to promote it. (submitted by Vaperma; March 4, 2008)
  • GreenShift's CO2 Bioreactor - Patented process uses algae to consume greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fueled power plants, giving off pure oxygen and water vapor. Light from concentrated solar panels is conducted into the algae chambers via fiber optics. Once the algae grows to maturity, it is harvested for conversion into ethanol and biodiesel fuels. (PESWiki; Feb. 28, 2008)
  • 200 Tons/Day BioOil Plant Engineering Completed (http://pesn.com/2005/06/10/9600108_DynaMotive_BioOil_Plant/) - DynaMotive and Tecna's joint modular plant will generate energy from abundant organic resources traditionally discarded by the agricultural and forest industries. To be deployed in Canada and internationally. (PESN; June 10, 2005)
  • BioOil-Hydrocarbon Emulsion Succeeds (http://www.dynamotive.com/) - Test done for DynaMotive Energy Systems Corporation confirms BioOil and diesel fuel mix is possible. (BusinessWire; June 22, 2005)
  • Running on vegetable oil? - It’s a simple recipe: Mix 10 gallons of vegetable oil with 10 gallons of diesel fuel... Might not work in all diesels. (News Advance; June 24)
  • G8 Leaders' Cars to Use Eco-Fuel made from Straw (http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/31458/story.htm) - When leaders of the world's major industrialized nations meet next week, their cars will run on a blend that contains a fuel made from straw. (Reuters; June 29, 2005)
  • 2005 Tour de Sol skirts 100 mpg (http://pesn.com/2005/05/22/6900099_Tour_de_Sol_2005_report/) - Over 60 hybrid, electric and biofuel vehicles from throughout the U.S. and Canada demonstrated that we have the technology today to power our transportation system with zero-oil consumption and zero climate-change emissions. (PESN; May 22, 2005)
  • UN Agency Launches Global Biofuels Initiative (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/story?id=34005) - The aim of the BioFuels initiative is to help developing countries make the most of their renewable energy potential. (Renewable Energy Access; July 1, 2005)
  • Powering society with biofuels (http://www.mndaily.com/articles/2005/03/09/63623) - U. of Minnesota professor pushing for a National Center for Biofuels Research, to become a national center for biocatalysis — turning renewable resources such as farm and forest products into biofuels. (Minnesota Daily; March 9)
  • A Bright Future For Oil Palm Based Biofuel In Europe (http://www.bernama.com.my/bernama/v3/news_business.php?id=134915) - Currently, Europe uses biofuel from rapeseed (soy), which costs US$659 per tonne, in contrast to Malaysia's palm oil which is US$452 per tonne. (Bernama; May 19, 2005)
  • Asia Pushes Ahead on Biofuel, Despite Cost (http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/29737/story.htm) - Faced with too many crops and not enough oil, Asian governments are promoting biofuels as a way to cut costly fuel imports. (Reuters; Feb. 28, 2005)
  • From Grease to Fuel (http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/512980/?sc=dwhp) - A $500,000 project to rebuild the Iowa Energy Center's 7-year-old biodiesel pilot plant is nearly complete. The Iowa State University-based energy center will help the biodiesel industry learn to use animal fats to produce biodiesel. (NewsWise; July 7, 2005)
  • Wal-Mart Deploys Solar, Wind, Sustainable Design (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/story?id=34647) - New store outside of Dallas, Texas could revolutionize how leading world retailer builds and powers their stores. Experimental design combines a host of renewable energy technologies including numerous solar PV arrays, two, small wind turbines, a bio-fuel boiler to recycle and burn recovered oil from store operations and a nearly endless list of energy-saving and sustainable design principles. (Renewable Energy Access; July 22, 2005)
[edit]

Research & Development

  • Solar > Solar Powered Microbes Manufacture Biofuels (http://www.utexas.edu/news/2008/04/23/biofuel_microbe/) - A newly created microbe produces cellulose that can be turned into ethanol and other biofuels, report scientists from The University of Texas at Austin who say the microbe could provide a significant portion of the nation's transportation fuel if production can be scaled up. (U of TX; Apr. 23, 2008)
  • Green Gasoline Could Power Future Cars and Jets (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/story?id=52115) - Researchers have made a breakthrough in the development of "green gasoline," a liquid identical to standard gasoline yet created from biomass sources like switchgrass and poplar trees. (Renewable Energy World; April 10, 2008)
  • Shell and Virent Collaborating To Develop Biogasoline From Plant Sugars (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2008/03/shell-and-viren.html#more) - These new ‘biogasoline’ molecules have higher energy content than ethanol (or butanol) and deliver better fuel efficiency. They can be blended seamlessly to make conventional gasoline or combined with gasoline containing ethanol.(Green Car Congress; March 28, 2008)
  • DOE Publishes Roadmap for Developing Cleaner Fuels (http://www.doe.gov/news/3804.htm) - Breaking the Biological Barriers to Cellulosic Ethanol: A Joint Research Agenda - A Research Roadmap from a Biofuels workshop Dec. 7-9, 2005. (US DOE; July 7, 2006)
  • Virgin Flies Biofueled Jet (http://www.physorg.com/news123077967.html) - Virgin Atlantic carried out the world's first flight of a commercial aircraft powered with biofuel on Sunday in an effort to show it can produce less carbon dioxide than normal jet fuels. (PhysOrg; Feb. 24, 2008)
  • State makes big fuss over local couple's vegetable oil car fuel (http://www.herald-review.com/articles/2007/03/01/news/local_news/1021491.txt) - Decatur resident Dave Wetzel may be in hot cooking oil with the Illinois Department of Revenue, who claim he needs to pay $244 in back taxes for the gallons of vegetable oil he has been running his Volkswagon car on for the past 5 years. A threatening letter stated that acting as a supplier and receiver without a license is a Class 3 felony, requiring a $2,500 bond. (Herald and Review; Illinois; March 1, 2007)
  • Oil from Wood (http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?ch=specialsections&sc=biofuels&id=19694&a=) - Dutch start-up venture, Kior, has developed a process for creating "biocrude" directly from biomass. The process could prove relatively cheap, relies on a nontoxic catalyst, taps into the present fuel-refining and transportation infrastructure, and produces clean-burning fuels that can be used in existing engines. (MIT Technology Review; Nov. 9, 2007)
  • Could artificial life help the energy industry? (http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2007/oct/06/genetics.climatechange) - Craig Venter, who has created an artificial chromosome, believes designer genomes could eventually lead to alternative energy sources previously unthinkable. Bacteria could be created that could help mop up excessive carbon dioxide, or produce fuels such as butane or propane made entirely from sugar. (Guardian; UK; Oct. 10, 2007)
  • Engineering Bacteria to Make Gasoline (http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?ch=specialsections&sc=biofuels&id=19128&a=) - A biotech startup describes how it will coax petroleum-like fuels from engineered microbes within three to five years. To do this, the company is employing tools from the field of synthetic biology to modify the genetic pathways that bacteria, plants, and animals use to make fatty acids, one of the main ways that organisms store energy. (MIT Technology Review; Aug.1, 2007)
  • Boeing Helping to Develop Algae-Powered Jet (http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=07/07/18/1456224) - Air New Zealand and airliner manufacturer Boeing are secretly working with Blenheim-based biofuel developer Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation to create the world's first environmentally friendly aviation fuel, made of wild algae. (Slashdot; July 18, 2007)
  • Biofuels from Wood Chips (http://www.physorg.com/news100838926.html) - Three University of California campuses and West Biofuels LLC, will develop a prototype research reactor to make biofuels without food crops or microbial fermentation. It will use steam, sand and catalysts to efficiently convert forest, urban, and agricultural “cellulosic” wastes into alcohol that can be used as a gasoline additive. (PhysOrg; Jun. 12, 2007)
  • Engineering Bacteria to make Biofuels (http://www.technologyreview.com/Biztech/18827/) - LS9 (http://www.ls9.com/) is using synthetic biology to engineer bacteria that can make hydrocarbons for gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. Hydrocarbon fuels are better suited than ethanol to existing delivery infrastructure and engines, and their manufacture would require less energy. Amyris (http://www.amyrisbiotech.com/) and SunEthanol (http://www.sunethanol.com/site/) are also trying to use synthetic biology to produce biofuels. (MIT Technology Review; Jun. 6, 2007)
  • Tel Aviv University Makes Magic Mushroom for Biofuel (http://tauac.typepad.com/ac/2007/03/biofuel_that_gr.html) - A Tel Aviv University scientist, Amir Sharon, may have discovered an alternative to food crops for biofuel. His team has genetically engineered a mushroom to be less sensitive to external conditions and environmental stresses; and to be more sustainable in culture during fermentation, and have both enhanced growth rate and spore production. (TypePad; March 7, 2007)
  • Sake may power cars in the future (http://uk.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUKT29909220070511?rpc=92) - Japanese motorists may one day pump their cars full of sake, the fermented rice wine that is Japan's national drink. The government-funded project at Shinanomachi will produce cheap rice-origin ethanol brew with the help of local farmers who will donate farm waste such as rice hulls to be turned into ethanol. (Reuters; May 11, 2007)
  • Biology Could Be Used To Turn Sugar Into Diesel (http://abclocal.go.com/ktrk/story?section=sci_tech&id=4983691) - Amyris Biotechnologies (http://www.amyrisbiotech.com/) is planning to use microbes to turn sugar into diesel. Ethanol is made by adding sugar to yeast, but Amyris believes that it can reprogram the microbes to make something closer to gasoline. (ABC Local; Jan. 29, 2007) (See Slashdot (http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=07/02/01/0219248) discussion)
  • A Better Biofuel (http://www.technologyreview.com/read_article.aspx?ch=specialsections&sc=biofuels&id=18476&a=) - A California biotech company, Amyris Biotechnologies, is engineering microbes to produce cheap biofuels that could out-compete ethanol. (MIT Technology Review; April 3, 2007)
  • Spanish Firm Claims it Can Make Oil from Plankton (http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/37354/story.htm) - Bio Fuel Systems claims to have developed a method of breeding plankton and turning the marine plants into oil, providing a potentially inexhaustible source of clean fuel. This system of bioconversion is said to be about 400x more productive than any other plant-based system producing oil or ethanol. (Reuters; July 21, 2006)
  • Algae That Cleans Emissions and Produces Fuel (http://www.usatoday.com/tech/science/2006-01-10-algae-powerplants_x.htm) - Isaac Berzin, a rocket scientist at MIT, has come up with an idea for using algae to clean up power-plant exhaust. Algae farms near power plants would reduce CO2 and nitrous oxide emissions, filtered through the algae. Then the CO2-saturated algae is harvested and squeezed to produce a combustible vegetable oil (biodiesel) and a dried green substance that can be further processed into ethanol. (USA Today; Jan. 10, 2006) (See Slashdot (http://science.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=06/01/11/1718256&tid=232&tid=14) discussion)
  • Hawaii Research Shows Algae Promising as Biofuel (http://starbulletin.com/2006/01/11/business/story02.html) - Barry Raleigh is doing research into making diesel fuel out of algae. Finding a viable way to replace petroleum will be a major topic at a biotech summit in Waikiki. (Star Bulletin; Jan. 11, 2006)
  • Grape Offers Biofuel Potential (http://suncafe.us/News/article/sid=3839.html) - Scientists from the University of Texas at Austin have managed to produce electricity inside a single grape -- perhaps the smallest membrane-less fuel cell ever. The technology could lead energy devices that could be implanted in the human body. (Fuel Cell Today; Sept. 27, 2005)
  • The Next Big Fuel Source: Microbes? (http://www.treehugger.com/files/2006/02/the_next_big_fu.php) - Termite guts and canvas-eating jungle bugs could be the key to kicking the oil habit and achieving energy independence. At least that's what scientists working on creating ethanol from plant waste are hoping. After a few microbiological twists and turns, the result is ethanol without the corn. (TreeHugger; Feb. 14, 2006)
  • Fast-Growing Trees Could Take Root as Future Energy Source (http://www.physorg.com/news75568548.html) - Purdue University researchers are using genetic tools in an effort to design trees that can reach 90 feet in six years and be grown as a row crop on fallow farmland, readily and inexpensively able to yield the substances needed to produce alternative transportation fuel. (PhysOrg; Aug. 23, 2006)
[edit]

Cautions

  • Grease Bandits Strike As Biofuel Demand Rises (http://www.csmonitor.com/2008/0506/p01s03-usgn.html) - Grease is a traded commodity like gold or pork bellies, and its price has tripled in the past two years – leading to increased theft. The reason: Grease can be used to make bio-diesel and has seen the same price spike as corn and other biofuel inputs. (Christian Science Monitor; May 6, 2008)
  • Biofuels: the Good, the Bad and the Unusual (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/reinsider/story?id=52328) - The Sustainable Biofuels Consensus (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/assets/documents/2008/FINAL%20SBC_April_16_2008.pdf) (9-page PDF) highlights the opportunities that sustainably produced biofuels could bring, if managed carefully. (Renewable Energy World; May 1, 2008)
  • Food or Fuel for Thought? (http://fiateconomics.blogspot.com/2008/03/food-or-fuel-for-thought.html) - We outline our view (charts & graphs) that increases in oil prices have led to a substantial rise in ethanol production, and will have significant effect on food prices and eventually overall CPI. (Fiat Economics; March 14, 2008)


  • Biofuels (http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/Biofuel/index.html) / Global Warming (http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/GlobalWarming/index.html) > Biofuels Deemed a Greenhouse Threat (http://www.nytimes.com/2008/02/08/science/earth/08wbiofuels.html?_r=2&oref=slogin&oref=slogin) - Almost all biofuels used today cause more greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fuels if the full emissions costs of producing these “green” fuels are taken into account, two studies being published Thursday have concluded. (NY Times; Feb. 8, 2008)
  • Alternative Fuels Can Boost Pollution  (http://www.alternative-energy-news.info/alternative-fuel-pollution/) - A recent US study warns that some alternative fuels can cause more harmful greenhouse gas emissions than fossil fuels. Liquid coals is 80% more polluting. Ethanol can be more polluting, depending on how it is produced. Biiofuels are usually cleaner. (Alternative Energy News; Nov. 22, 2007)


  • UN 'Right to Food' Rapporteur Urges 5 Year Moratorium on Biofuels (http://www.i-sis.org.uk/Moratorium_on_Biofuels.php) - The UN has been asked to temporarily suspend progress on biofuels. Turning food crops into fuel for cars may lead to increasing food prices, competition for land use and reduced availability of drinking water. (Institute of Science in Society; Aug. 11, 2007)
  • Biofuels could increase global warming with laughing gas (http://www.physorg.com/news109581631.html) - Growing and burning many biofuel crops may actually raise, rather than lower, greenhouse gas emissions. That's the conclusion of a new study led by Nobel prize-winning chemist Paul Crutzen, best known for his work on the ozone layer. (PhysOrg; Sept. 21, 2007)
  • The Dark Side of Biofuels: Horror in the 'Brazilian California' (http://www.worldpress.org/print_article.cfm?article_id=2994&dont=yes) "When the airplane passed, pouring out that bath of poison, my father was soaked. He fell ill because of the toxins that are sprayed over the cane. This is the end for many young people here," says a female cane cutter from the region of Ribeirao Preto, in São Paulo state. (July 23, 2007)
  • Palm Oil Firms Burning Indonesian Forests (http://www.enn.com/top_stories/article/6915) - Palm oil companies are burning peat forests to clear land for plantations in Indonesia's Riau province, despite government pledges to end forest fires, environment group Greenpeace said. (ENN; July 12, 2007)
  • Biofuel Industry Turns Violent and Bloody in Colombia (http://www.truthout.org/docs_2006/060707P.shtml) - Armed groups in Colombia are driving peasants off their land to make way for plantations of palm oil, a biofuel that is being promoted as an environmentally friendly source of energy. Surging demand for "green" fuel has prompted right-wing paramilitaries to seize swaths of territory, according to activists and farmers. (TruthOut; June 5, 2007)
  • Success derails biofuels bandwagon (http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L0664154.htm) - A global, government policy-fuelled rush to produce biofuels is backfiring as it pushes up costs and makes the environmentally-friendly alternative fuel far less competitive. In the near term a looming biofuels glut plus falling rival crude oil prices mean producers can less easily pass on their spiralling costs. (Reuters; Mar. 6, 2007)
  • Biofuel Demand Could Send Shockwaves through World Economy (http://www.emagazine.com/view/?3562) - Esteemed environmental policy analyst Lester Brown of the Earth Policy Institute told reporters last week that Americans and the rest of the world are likely to see sharp increases in the price of corn, let alone the popular biofuel ethanol, due to errors in projections made by federal agriculture planners. (E-Magazine; Jan. 8, 2007)
  • Biofuels as Invasive Species? (http://www.physorg.com/news78069543.html) - As the United States looks to crops as possible future sources of energy, a University of Arkansas researcher and his colleagues call for caution, citing the possibility of some biofuel crops becoming invasive species. (PhysOrg; Sept. 21, 2006)
  • Biofuels: Green energy or grim reaper? (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/5369284.stm) - Biofuels could end up damaging the natural world rather than saving it from global warming. What is needed are better policies, better science and genetic modification, which can all contribute to a greener biofuels revolution. In other words don't assume that biofuels are a panacea for all fuel problems. (Guardian.uk; Sept. 22)
  • Food Industry Anxious over Rising Rapeseed Demand (http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/rea/news/story?id=44584) - Rapeseed oil, for margarines, sauces, and general food use, has become the focus of heated debate between the European food sector and biodiesel advocates. Biofuel producers blend the oil with conventional diesel to provide a greener alternative. (Renewable Energy Access; Apr. 10, 2006)
  • French Green Lobby Wary of Biofuel Benefits (http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/34442/story.htm) - As France races to become Europe's top biofuels maker by 2010, the country's green lobby said on Wednesday that damage caused by intensive farming to produce them could outweigh the clean-burning benefits. (Reuters; Jan. 12, 2006)
  • Missouri turkey oil plant closed because of foul odors (http://www.signonsandiego.com/news/science/20051228-1859-plantodor.html) - Governor of Missouri calls for shut down of foul-smelling plant that turns turkey byproducts into fuel oil Wednesday until the company finds a way to clear the air. The facility produces 100 to 200 barrels of fuel oil a day using byproducts from a nearby ConAgra Foods turkey processing facility. (Union Tribune; Dec. 28, 2005)
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Humor

Coop de Ville?

Close to Home; July 25, 2005
With permission from John McPherson


  • Biofuel On-the-Go (http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/Humor/April_Fools_2008/index.html) - Indian taxi driver grows his own biofuel on the fly. Clippings-catcher on lawn mower in the trunk is directed to an on-board biodiesel maker. Between passengers, driver cuts enough genetically-modified super-fast-growing grass to fuel the next stint. (HempNext; April 1, 2008)
[edit]

Resources

[edit]

See also

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