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Directory:Electrolysis
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Electrolysis
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Overview
- Overview Video: Water as Fuel (via ZPE) (3 min) - While academia has been spurning the topic, hundreds, if not thousands of hobbyists and independent investigators worldwide are working on various electrolysis-like projects which put out more energy than was required to run the electrolysis unit. (PES Network Video; Aug. 31, 2007)
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Theory
- Water Dissociation Using Zero Point Energy - Moray King has put forth a scientific model that suggests that the reason so many experimenters are observing more energy emerging from their electrolysis systems than what they put into it, is that the configuration harnesses zero point energy.
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Open Source Projects
- Water Fuel Cell Open Source Project - An open source project by the H2earth Institute is in process of replicating the water fuel cell technology of the late Stanley Meyer, who allegedly ran vehicles on water, and whose patents have just now become public domain.
- Closed-Loop Water Fuel Cell - Moray B. King proposes a design that could take advantage of the purported electrolysis overunity systems. His scheme would be a self-running system with a mechanism of extracting the excess energy for practical use.
- Water Fuel Cell > Aaron Hall's electrolysis in distilled water with no electrolyte (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mnPakaI701Y) (34 seconds) - Aaron is involved in a project with the H2earth Institute to replicate the work of the late Stanley Meyer, who ran vehicles on water. His electrolysis cell is making hydrogen gas in distilled water, with no electrolyte, which is supposed to be impossible. (YouTube; July 11, 2007)
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Plans
- Independent Report on Water4Gas - Ebook by Ozzy Freedom provides instructions on how to build an on-board electrolizer to provide hydroxy gas to inject into the air intake of a vehicle for improved mileage and performance, as well as reduced emissions.
Umpqua Energy, Inc. Homemade Hydrogen Generator (http://www.umpquaenergy.com/hydrogengenerator/homemade-hydrogen-generator.html) - Produces a Homemade Hydrogen Electrolyzer, based on Tero's plans. See the hydrogen generator and download Tero's plan from our website. Build it yourself or buy one from us.
Umpqua Energy, Inc. Cornish Hydrogen Generator (http://www.umpquaenergy.com/hydrogengenerator/cornish-hydrogen-generator.html) - An interesting proposition, but not energy effecient from a cradle to grave standpoint. The premise is that scrap aluminum is combined with sodium hydroxide and water which actually causes a chemical reaction strong enough to break apart the water into hydroxy gas.
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Applications
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Hydrogen to Air Intake
See Directory:Fuel Efficiency Hydrogen Injection - Common-ducted H and O (Brown's gas) from on-board electrolysis are injected into the air intake of a vehicle.
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Renewable Electricity
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From Wind Power
- Project to Produce Hydrogen from Wind Power (http://www.solaraccess.com/news/story?storyid=7389&siteid=1674) - Corporacion Energia Hidroelectrica de Navarra (EHN) of Spain is investigating ways of obtaining hydrogen from water through electricity generated from wind power.
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Electrolysis Methods
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Acvo
- Hydrogen fuel system nearly ready for vehicles - Akvo Energy America's process involves hydrogen extraction from water via plasmatic induction, a form of electrolysis, using a small amount of electricity. The system will power a vehicle for 1 year on one fill up with zero emissions. Pointing to a small generator, “That will power my house. I won’t pay any heating bills this year.”
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QSI-Nano NiFe electrode
- H from H2O > QSI-Nano® NiFe Product Profile Hydrogen Generation Electrodes (http://www.qsinano.com/white_papers/QSI_DSE_Hydrogen_PPT_March_07.pdf) - (36-page PDF) QSI (http://www.qsinano.com/apps_hgen.php) has demonstrated that by using its nano nickel and iron particles it is possible to exceed the Department of Energy’s target with 85% energy efficiency by increasing the surface area of the active components of the hydrogen electrolyzer, without any CO2. (Quantum Sphere; May 1, 2008)
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Microbial Fuel Cells
- Algae Making Hydrogen - solution or biohazard? (http://www.greenoptimistic.com/index.php/2008/03/27/algae-making-hydrogen-solution-or-biohazard/) - Recently, a team of biologists demonstrated that some algae, named Chlamydomonas reinhardtii can produce hydrogen in a specific environment. Normally, these bacterias produce oxygen, but the scientists modified their genes, added copper to block the oxygen production, so the cells’ photosynthesis begins to synthesize hydrogenase and produces hydrogen. The algae also need light in order to produce the H2. (The Green Optimistic (http://www.greenoptimistic.com))
- Waste Water Plus Bacteria Make Hydrogen Fuel - Bacteria that feed on vinegar and waste water zapped with a shot of electricity could produce a clean hydrogen fuel to power vehicles that now run on petroleum. These microbial fuel cells can turn almost any biodegradable organic material into zero-emission hydrogen gas fuel.
- Microbial Fuel Cells > Bacteria extract hydrogen at over 90% efficiency (http://www.tgdaily.com/content/view/34860/113/) - By creating a type of controlled microbial soup out of materials straight from a salad bar, a bacteria-induced chemical reaction takes place, ultimately resulting in large quantities of hydrogen gas. (TG Daily; Nov. 14, 2007)
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Brown's Gas
- Directory:Brown's Gas (Separate index) - Electrolysis produces that results in H/O mixture, not separated. Highly unusual characteristics.
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Stanley Meyer
- Stanley Meyer - Developed super-efficient electrolysis process said to produce 700% more energy than it consumes without raising the temperature of the water. Murdered.
- Water Fuel Cell > Aaron Murakami Replicates Stanley Meyer's Water Fuel Cell (http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pSFpBW8_v8o) - Using a plastic pasta jar with stainless steel concentric tubes filled with tap water from his kitchen sink, and no added electrolytes, with an input power of 36 watts (12 volts at 3 amps) pulsed, Aaron produces enormous amount of "Brown's Gas" Stanely Meyer style. (YouTube; Aug. 10, 2007)
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Bob Boyce
- Bob Boyce's Electrolyzer Plans -- Open Source Project - A system for high-efficiency electrolysis that involves the alleged production of monatomic hydrogen, which has highly unusual and effective properties in accentuating mileage.
- New Release of OU Electrolizer Plans (http://pesn.com/2007/09/29/9500450_BobBoyce_Electrolizer_Plans/) - Bob Boyce is one of the world's leading super-efficient electrolysis experts. A group of hydroxy researchers have compiled an updated set of plans enabling others to replicate the work of Boyce. (PESN; Sept. 29, 2007)
- Assembled and tested PWM3B prototype auction at eBay (http://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item=220161360038) - Boyce is selling a surplus unit that he no longer needs -- a piece of hydroxy gas history. "This unit was designed to be used with a custom 3 phase toroidal transformer and a welder sized series cell stack." (eBay; expires Oct-23-07 22:01:10 PDT)
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Ken Rasmussen
- Over-Unity Hydrogen Researcher Hit by Apparent Arson (http://pesn.com/2007/10/28/9500454_RasmussenHydrogenArson/) - Pre-teens tinkering with witchcraft and matches appear to have been responsible for the tragic loss of property and research material of a scientist pursuing clean energy solutions. (PESN; Oct. 28, 2007)
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Sullivan Electrolysis
- Sully Direct Current - In process of discovering new ways to do electrolysis, inventor John Timothy Sullivan derived a new current type: not DC, not AC but SDC -- Sully Direct Current.
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Kanarev
- Kenarev's Electrolysis - Professor Kanarev holds five patents, has written several books about how water can be the main power carrier of future power engineering. Some processes described resemble those being attributed to the Joe cell. (http://Kanarev.innoplaza.net)
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Ecowatts
- The Ecowatts Thermal Energy Cell - British group is developing an electrolysis based energy cell that converts electrical power into heat at an efficiency significantly greater than that of a conventional immersion heater. Independent analysis has verified that the system produces 1.5x to 2 times as much energy out as was put in. Expected in the market by 2010.
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Joe Cell
- Joe Cell - Apparently harnesses Orgone energy via electrically charged water as the "gate" or medium through which the aetheral energy is drawn. Allegedly able to power a vehicle, with no fuel line connected. Numerous installations claimed.
- IPCtec research labs - researching the joecell and the to associationStanley Meyers work
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Electrolysis to Direct Pressure
- Electrolysis direct to pressure - techniques the produce high pressure H2 directly from electrolysis, for savings in efficiency of production infrastructure.
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Innovative Energy Solutions Inc. (iESi)
- http://www.iesiusa.com - Nevada company claims plasma process for extracting high purity hydrogen from water using a fraction of the electrical energy required by previously known methods.
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Stuart Energy
Suart Energy
Stuart Energy is the world leader in the provision of onsite water electrolysis equipment for industrial, power and transportation applications. Company offers complete turnkey hydrogen solutions featuring proprietary Inorganic Membrane Electrolysis Technology (IMET®), patented in 1994, in use since 1987. Stuart Energy Systems Corporation (TSX: HHO) is the world’s leading developer and supplier of integrated hydrogen infrastructure solutions based on water electrolysis.
Company has designed a 350-litre hydrogen fuel tank to run automobiles. (source (http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=2004092200060800.htm&date=2004/09/22/&prd=bl&))
The SES is comprised of five modules:
- Hydrogen Generation (http://www.stuartenergy.com/our_products/hydrogen_generation.html),
- Compression (http://www.stuartenergy.com/our_products/hydrogen_compression.html),
- Storage (http://www.stuartenergy.com/our_products/hydrogen_storage.html),
- Fuel Dispenser (http://www.stuartenergy.com/our_products/fuel_dispenser.html), and/or,
- Power Generation (http://www.stuartenergy.com/our_products/power_generation.html).
Official Websites
- StuartEnergy.com (http://www.stuartenergy.com/)
- Products (http://www.stuartenergy.com/main_our_products.html) - demo videos
- Power Generation (http://www.stuartenergy.com/our_products/power_generation.html) - The Stuart Energy SES-p takes electricity and stores it as hydrogen, including low-cost off-peak electricity or intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind and solar, for later deployment as higher-value energy. The Power Module is offered with a hydrogen-powered internal combustion engine (H2ICE) gen-set that converts hydrogen into electricity for back-up power, supplemental power, peak shaving or remote off-grid primary power.
- Company (http://www.stuartenergy.com/main_our_company.html)
- Investors (http://www.stuartenergy.com/main_our_investors.html) - Became a publicly held company in 2000; ticker symbol HHO; stock listed on the TSX
- Products (http://www.stuartenergy.com/main_our_products.html) - demo videos
- HydrogenSystems.com (http://www.hydrogensystems.com) - Site no longer active, with acquisition by Stuart Energy.
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Proton Energy Systems
- Proton Energy Systems (http://www.protonenergy.com/) - Manufactures PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) electrochemical systems to make hydrogen from water with its HOGEN® hydrogen generation systems. PEM electrolysis allows Proton Energy's HOGEN hydrogen generation systems to produce 99.999+% pure hydrogen at process pressure without mechanical compression and without caustic electrolytes.
The cell stack assembly is composed of individual membrane assemblies stacked into a cell stack where water and electricity are brought in to produce hydrogen gas. Deionized water flows into the positive side of the cell where it is dissociated by electrolysis into protons, electrons and oxygen. The oxygen is carried away by the water flow. The positively charged protons are attracted to the negative side of the cell. These protons use the sulfonic acid ion groups embedded within the membrane as the path to travel through the solid material. Meanwhile, the electrons flow through the power supply to the negative electrode where they link up with the emerging protons to form molecules of pure hydrogen gas.
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StART Corporation
- StART Corporation (http://www.h2start.com/product.htm) - StART’s low cost hydrogen electrolyser, offers dependable hydrogen production, energy efficiency, and compactness, allows for distributed production of hydrogen fuel.
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ITM Power
- ITM Power (http://www.itm-power.com/) - A range of polymer materials used in the production of electrolysers demonstrate higher electrical conductivity, replacing platinum at 1/3 the cost. ITM's approach could reduce the cost of power from a electrolyser stack to under $100 per output kW, which would make hydrogen fuel cost-competitive with conventional fossil fuels.
- Home Electrolyzer for Hydrogen Dual-Fuel Conversion (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/06/british-company.html) - ITM Power (http://www.itm-power.com/) is developing a low-cost home electrolyzer for the production of hydrogen to refuel a converted dual-fuel vehicle that uses both low-pressure hydrogen and gasoline for fuels. The all-hydrogen range is about 25 miles, more than the average commuting distance in the UK. (Green Car Congress; Jun. 29, 2007)
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QuantumSphere
- QuantumSphere Electrode for 7x H2 Production (http://www.greencarcongress.com/2007/03/quantumsphere_t.html) - QuantumSphere (http://www.qsinano.com/) water electrolysis (http://www.qsinano.com/apps_hgen.php) electrodes are high surface area metallic nanoparticles that eliminate the need for platinum catalysts, reducing electrolyzer cost. The Stingray electrode allows for nearly a sevenfold increase in clean hydrogen production, while maintaining efficiencies in excess of 85%. (Green Car Congress; March 15, 2007)
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Misc. Electrolysis
- GE Devises Cheap Electrolysis Method (http://www.technologyreview.com/BizTech/wtr_16523,295,p1.html)- GE electrolysis process uses a GE plastic called Noryl that is easy to form and join and is extremely resistant to the highly alkaline potassium hydroxide. A spray-coating process coats the electrodes with a proprietary nickel-based catalyst with a large surface area. (MIT Technology Review; March 9, 2006)
- Hydrogen on the Cheap (http://www.popularmechanics.com/blog/science/2936846.html)- GE breakthrough from a proprietary material called Noryl, a highly chemical- and temperature-resistant plastic developed by the GE labs, that lowers the cost of hydrogen production. Early prototype stage. (Popular Mechanics; June 6, 2006)
- World Improvement Through the Spirit Ministries - Timothy Thrapp's organization claims to have many technologies for sale, including overunity electrolysis systems.
- Water Decomposition by AC Electrolysis (http://www.zpenergy.com/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=1191) - "Electrolytic fission of water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas by the use of low frequency alternating currents as opposed to the conventional use of direct current, or ultra-high frequency current." (ZPEnergy; Mar. 1, 2005)
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See also
- Directory:Joe Cell
- Fuel Cells (http://www.freeenergynews.com/Directory/FuelCell) index at FreeEnergyNews.com
- Directory:Batteries
