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Directory:Fusion

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Contents

Overviews

  • Fusion > A brief history of fusion research - The first clues to how stars function were revealed in Einstein’s equation E = mc2, which predicted that a tiny amount of mass could, in principle, be converted into a tremendous amount of energy. Tracking the progress through tokamak and ITER. (Europa.eu) (Thanks Tedd)

Featured

Top 100:

  • Inertial-Electrodynamic Fusion Device - Received the 2006 Technology of the Year Award by the International Academy of Sciences - Dr. Bussard and his team at Energy/Matter Conversion Corporation, after close to 20 years of hard work, have developed a revolutionary radiation-free fusion process that takes boron-11 and fuses a proton to it, producing, in its excited state, a carbon-12 atom. This excited carbon-12 atom decays to beryllium-8 and helium-4. It was developed under a DOD contract and has recently been made public. (PESWiki; Jan. 2, 2006)

Top 100:

  • Colliding Plasma Toroid Clean-Energy Breakthrough - Toroid plasma technology by EPS remains stable without magnetic confinement, by using low-level background gas pressure; could provide non-polluting electricity and heat for homes, as well as motive power for vehicles and aircraft, at a fraction of the cost of conventional energy generation. (PESN; March 8, 2006)

Cold Fusion

Hot Fusion

  • Inertial-Electrodynamic Fusion Device - Dr. Bussard and his team at Energy/Matter Conversion Corporation, after close to 20 years of hard work, have developed a revolutionary radiation-free fusion process that takes boron-11 and fuses a proton to it, producing, in its excited state, a carbon-12 atom. This excited carbon-12 atom decays to beryllium-8 and helium-4. It was developed under a DOD contract and has recently been made public.
  • Electron Power Systems™ (EPS) - Toroid plasma technology that remains stable without magnetic confinement, by using background gas pressure for confinement instead, could provide clean, non-polluting energy technology at one-tenth the cost of present energy generation.
  • Focus Fusion - Lawrenceville Plasma Physics is currently researching and developing the Plasma Focus Device for hydrogen-boron nuclear fusion. Focus Fusion is projected to be a safe, clean, easy, reliable energy solution that could provide electricity at a few tenths of a cent per kilowatt-hour.
  • Giant Laser Reactor Unveiled in California - The $3.5-billion-dollar National Ignition Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory will focus 192 laser beams on a hydrogen pellet the size of a bead, heating it to incredible temperatures in an attempt to recreate the power of the sun, in an event that could light the entire country for a split second. (Fox News; May 29, 2009) [Like trying to harness a hurricane?]
  • Fusion Power in the Next Five Years? - General Fusion hopes to create small fusion reactors that cost around $50 million a piece and generate roughly 100 megawatts allowing for roughly 4 cent / kwh electricity. Magnetized Target Fusion uses lithium as a fuel, which is heated and mixed with intensely pressurized plasma. The only byproduct is helium and other harmless gasses. (PESWiki; Feb. 12, 2008)
  • Mining the Moon - Future fusion reactors could use helium-3 gathered from the moon. The Fusion Technology Institute has built a small test plant using inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC). He3-He3 fusion is non-radioactive and the protons it produces can be contained using magnetic and electric fields — making direct electricity generation possible. (MIT Technology Review; Aug. 23, 2007)
  • Startup Chases Nuclear Fusion - Tri Alpha Energy is developing “hot", or plasma, fusion, in which atomic nuclei are fused, releasing huge amounts of energy. The company is working with fusion reactions that produce fewer neutrons and less radiation, with a different method for containing and controlling reactions. They estimate it will take less than 15 years to get to the power generation stage. (Red Herring; Jun. 14, 2007)

Research and Development

  • A Workable Fusion Starship? - Friedwardt Winterberg's innovative propulsion concept now weds magnetic mirror technologies with fusion. The interplanetary vehicle has an exhaust velocity of 100 km/s, while the launcher vehicle gets 10 km/s. (Centauri Dream; Jan. 23, 2009)


  • UCLA researchers use Scotch tape to produce X-rays - X-rays were not produced continuously, but were emitted in nanosecond bursts containing about 1 million X-ray photons apiece, the equivalent of about a tenth of a milliwatt of energy. If the constituents of the adhesive were deuterated (hydrogen atoms replaced with deuterium) it might yield fusion neutrons, although there would be no net energy increase. (Video (LA Times; Oct. 25, 2008)

Focus Fusion

  • Focus Fusion poses competition to Tokamak - Purports to be a far more feasible and profoundly less expensive approach to hot fusion, in contrast to what the international project (ITER) in France is pursuing. Lawrenceville Plasma Physics is currently researching and developing the Plasma Focus Device for hydrogen-boron nuclear fusion. (PESN; Nov. 2, 2005)
  • FocusFusion.org - nuclear fusion sans radiation - Group is currently researching and developing the Plasma Focus Device for hydrogen-boron nuclear fusion, as an alternative method to the coventional Tokamak fusion design.

Laser

  • Laser vision fuels energy future - Researchers from the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in Oxfordshire, working with partners from 14 countries, propose using lasers (project HIPER: High Power Laser Energy Research) to recreate the physical reactions at the heart of the Sun. (BBC News; June 6, 2007)

Far East

  • Discharge test on Chinese "artificial sun" pending - Around August 15th, 2006, the first plasma discharge test on China's experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak (EAST) will be conducted. If successful, it will mean that the world's first nuclear fusion device of its kind is completed and will be able to go into actual operation. (People's Daily; July 24, 2006)
  • "Artificial sun" to generate infinite clean energy - Technicians are installing the full superconducting experimental Tokamak fusion device in Hefei, capital city of east China's Anhui Province on Feb 4, 2006. Most parts of the device have been installed and experiments will start soon. The full superconducting experimental Tokamak fusion device, nicknamed "artificial sun", can generate infinite, clean nuclear-fusion-based energy. It will be built in March or April in Hefei. (Xinhua; February 06, 2006)
  • China to Build World's First "Artificial Sun" - EAST (experimental advanced superconducting Tokamak) to be constructed this Spring by the Institute of Plasma Physics will cost only 1/15th - 1/20th the cost of similar devices being developed in the other parts of the world. Could generate infinite, clean nuclear-fusion-based energy. (Slashdot; Jan. 22, 2006)


Sandia's Z-Machine

Featured:

[Academia publishes an over unity finding.]

ITER (Tokamak)

  • Better Control for Fusion Power - Physicists at MIT have addressed one of the many technological challenges involved in harnessing nuclear fusion as a viable energy source. They've demonstrated that pulses of radio frequency waves can be used to propel and heat plasma inside a reactor. (Technology Review; Dec. 10, 2008)
  • Nuclear fusion: A necessary investment (?) - On 21 November ministers from Europe, Japan, the People's Republic of China, India, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States of America meet in Paris to sign an agreement to construct an international experiment on the scale of a fusion power plant. (BBC; Nov. 17, 2006)
  • Five Facts about ITER Nuclear Fusion Project - International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor $10 billion Euro project objectives, proponents and opponents, participants, construction plans, site information. (Reuters; June 29, 2005)
  • International Fusion Research - Ian H. Hutchinson, the head of MIT's Nuclear Science Department, explains why the United States should support the ITER endeavor announced for implementation in France. (MIT Technology Review; August 2005)
  • Environmentalists Angry over French Nuclear Project - Greenpeace called the project a ridiculous waste of money, saying it would be years before any such results are found, if at all. (Reuters; June 29, 2005)
  • Unofficial ITER fan club - Unofficial ITER fan club is a community of people interested in International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor and its benefits to science, technology, industry and all humankind.
  • G8 Decision on Fusion would Herald Nuclear Future - G8 leaders may choose a site for the world's first fusion test reactor by ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). (Reuters; June 23, 2005)
  • Nuclear Fusion Project Bid Up in The Air - Japan backing out, turning to France to construct the 10 billion euro ($12.87 billion) experimental reactor that would operate at more than 100 million degrees Celsius to produce 500 MW of power. Due to start in 2015, it would run for around 20 years. Project Web site: ITER.org (Reuters; May 5, 2005)
  • Fusion from ANU - A brief look at ANU's H1 Major National Research Facility, which plays prominently in France's ITER. The H1 experiment, which confines the hot plasma in flexible magnetic fields, is designed to provide a test bed for fundamental plasma research. (PhysOrg; June 30. 2005)

KSTAR

(8.54 Minutes) Kstar (1 of 2)
clip 1 of the KSTAR assembly process (Korean Tokamak Advanced Reactor) due for completion in August 2007. The Kstar will be one of the first Tokamaks in the world to feature superconducting magnets, achieving a toroidal field strength of 3.5 teslas (in comparision, the earths magnetic field is 30-60 microtesla, 0.00003-0.00006 T, a sun spot about 0.15 T). Results from the Kstar will contribute to the international ITER effort. (YouTube Aug. 9, 2007 )
_ _ _ _

(6.55 Minutes) KSTAR (2 of 2)
Clip 2 of the Kstar assembly process. (YouTube Aug. 9, 2007 )
_ _ _ _

(2.22 Minutes) From Concept Design to Construction
KSTAR (YouTube Aug. 24, 2007 )

Other Fusion

  • Europe plans new type of fusion facility - Laser physicists in Europe propose a £500m facility to study a new approach to laser fusion. Facility could be operational in about ten years. (Slashdot; Sept. 5, 2005)
  • Improved Controls for Advanced Tokamak Fusion Reactor - Researchers at UCSD and San Diego-based General Atomics have reported an improved control method for a type of nuclear fusion technology that confines a cloud of ionized hydrogen in a doughnut-shaped machine called a tokamak. (NewsWise; July 6, 2005)
  • Lightning Fusion And Other Hot News - Neutron levels far above normal background levels exist during lightning strikes. While only a small percentage of rainwater contains atoms of deuterium, the lightning still provides enough energy to create fusion events. The NIF has possible plans for a hybrid fusion approach that uses not only deuterium and tritium, but uranium and plutonium as well in what amounts to a miniaturized version of how thermonuclear weapons achieve fusion. (Slashdot; Sept. 24, 2005)
  • Teen creates nuclear fusion at home - After more than two years and 1,000 hours of research, and a little help from his dad, Thiago Olson, 17 has created what he calls "the Fusor." Fusor.net lists him as the 18th amateur in the world to create nuclear fusion (Detroit Free Press; Nov. 19, 2006)
  • From Farmville to Fusion - Call him Springfield's resident genius. Andrew Grzankowski, a graduate of West Springfield High School, spent his summer vacation building a fusion reactor at Longwood University in Farmville. (Fusor; Nov. 10, 2007)
  • Noblefuse Plasma Messiah and his Electromagnetic Fusion - Solomon Azar has built a proof of concept demonstration device involving a Tesla coil and underwater plasma that allegedly gives off gamma radiation, a sign of nuclear combination. He also professes that he is the Messiah. (PESWiki; Mar. 23, 2008)

Cautions

  • Is Nuclear Power Safe? - The Kashiwazaki Kariwa nuclear power plant in Japan discharged approximately 350 gallons of radioactive water into the sea Wednesday after an earthquake shook the Japanese town, 160 miles northwest of Tokyo. 355-page report reviews global nuclear power outlook and opportunities. (Energy Business Reports; July 18, 2007)

News

  • Elsevier launches High Energy Density Physics - World-leading scientific and medical publisher, announces the introduction of a new journal, to publish results on the physics of matter and radiation under extreme conditions such as when stars explode or hot nuclear fusion processes occur. (Feb. 5, 2006)

Comments

See Discussion page

Directories

See also

NUCLEAR FOOTER

TYPES OF REACTORS

NUCLEAR WASTE

SPECIFIC PROJECTS

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