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Methods of sequestering carbon dioxide. Did you know that deciduous trees breath CO2 during the cold months, when they do not have leaves?

=The Carbon Cycle=

[[Image:Carbon cycle diagram.jpg|center|frame|[http://rst.gsfc.nasa.gov/Sect16/carbon_cycle_diagram.jpg NASA Carbon Cycle Diagram]]]
== How it Works ==
[[Image:CO2 Sequestration SLTrib jp70.jpg]]<br>
''Image Source: Salt Lake Tribune, Nov. 16, 2007, p. A1''

[[Image:CO2 Sequestration SLTrib 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.sltrib.com/news/ci_7478872 Utah leading CO2 Sequestration]''' - The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) plans to spend $67 million over the next decade on a technology solution for climate change that will be tested in Utah. Plans call for pumping carbon dioxide into mile-deep rock formations for long-term underground storage. (''Salt Lake Tribune''; Nov. 16, 2007)<br style="clear:right;">

== Featured ==
[[Image:A2BE Algae at Work plant concept 95x95.jpg|right]]
*<font size="1">[[Congress:Top_100_Technologies_--_RD|Top 100]]:</font><br>'''[[Directory:A2BE_Carbon_Capture_LLC|Using Algae to Capture Carbon and Produce Biodiesel and Food]]''' - A2BE Carbon Capture is developing bio-secure, scalable, climate adaptive, and highly cost-effective technology for producing valuable fuel and food from CO2 using algal photosynthesis and bio-harvesting in a system they call Algae@Work. (''PESWiki''; May 23, 2008) <br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Greenshift CO2 Bioreactor collage 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[[Directory:GreenShift:C02_Bioreactor|GreenShift's CO2 Bioreactor]]''' - Patented process uses algae to consume greenhouse gas emissions from fossil-fueled power plants, giving off pure oxygen and water vapor. Light from concentrated solar panels is conducted into the algae chambers via fiber optics. Once the algae grows to maturity, it is harvested for conversion into ethanol and biodiesel fuels. (''PESWiki'') <br style="clear:right;">

*{{Template:News:090707:rp.pl-translation:Gasoline from carbon dioxide is not science fiction}}

[[Image:CaleraCorpCementfromCO295x95_byKevn.jpg|right]]
*'''[[Directory:Calera Corporation|Cement from CO2; A Concrete Solution to Global Warming]]''' - Calera Corporation has developed a nature-mimicking process that converts CO2, such as from a coal power plant, into cement; thus removing CO2 from the atmosphere in the process of making a product that usually produces a lot of CO2 using other methods. (''PESWiki''; August 20, 2008) <br style="clear:right;">

== Methods ==

[[Image:Carbonscape char 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/2173/67/ New Zealand Company Locks Away CO2 in Charcoal]''' -[http://carbonscape.com/ Carbonscape], a company based in Marlborough, New Zealand, sequesters carbon dioxide using microwaves to transfer CO2 into charcoal. (''EcoGeek''; Oct. 3, 2008)<br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Moss Landing smokestacks 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=cement-from-carbon-dioxide Cement from CO2: A Concrete Cure for Global Warming?]''' - While [http://www.calera.biz/ Calera's process] of making calcium carbonate cement wouldn't eliminate all CO2 emissions, it would reverse that equation. "For every ton of cement we make, we are sequestering half a ton of CO2," says crystallographer Brent Constantz, founder of Calera. "We probably have the best carbon capture and storage technique there is by a long shot." (''Scientific American''; August 7, 2008) <br style="clear:right;">


*'''[http://www.geocities.com/profadrian/SCAF.html Creating A Carbon Economy]''' - Sequestered Carbon Amendment and Fertilization (SCAF) has developed new systems to make carbon sequestration profitable and create a new carbon economy instead of treating it as waste. They use elemental carbon as a soil amendment for soil recovery and improvement, better water and mineral management in addition to using carbon dioxide as plant food or fertilizer.
**[http://pesn.com/Radio/Free_Energy_Now/recordings/2007/070903_CarbonSequestration_AdrianVance.mp3 Interview with Adrian Vance], Sept. 3, 2007)

[[Image:Gallium phosphide wafer w metal contacts 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[[Directory:Solar|Solar]] > [http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/04/070418091932.htm Device uses solar energy to convert carbon dioxide into fuel]''' - Chemists at the University of California, San Diego have developed a prototype device that can capture energy from the sun, convert it to electrical energy and "split" carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon monoxide, an important industrial chemical that is normally produced from natural gas. (''Science Daily''; Apr. 18, 2007) <br style="clear:right;">

*'''[http://www.planetark.com/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/35621/story.htm US Hopes to Reverse Oil Decline by Burying CO2]''' - The Department of Energy and some environmentalists hope that in coming decades oil companies will expand programs that boost the output of aging oilfields by injecting the gas most scientists call the main culprit in global warming. (''Reuters''; Mar. 14, 2006)

http://freeenergynews.com/Directory/Oil/images/oil_field_co2_95x95.jpg

*'''[http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa006&amp;articleID=0001D260-6966-12B9-9A2C83414B7F0000 Can We Bury Global Warming?]''' - Pumping carbon dioxide underground to avoid warming the atmosphere is feasible, but only if several key challenges can be met. (''Scientific American''; July  2005)
*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news4353.html Capturing CO2 from Power Plants]''' - US researchers have invented a technique that mimics natural weathering processes, converts carbon dioxide gas into soluble compounds that can be disposed of in the oceans. (''PhysOrg''; June 1, 2005)
*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news2352.html Greenhouse gasses can be mitigated by tree planting and insect control - Scientists report]'''. (''PhysOrg''; Dec. 13, 2004)
*'''[http://www.nj.com/news/ledger/index.ssf?/base/news-20/1110135026273450.xml A design team says the way to control CO2 is: Suck it up]''' - Tucson inventor's plan envisions massive chemical towers to capture carbon dioxide and then convert it to rocks.  (''Newark Star Ledger''; New Jersey; March 6)

*'''[http://www.insidegreentech.com/node/885 Clean coal technology for capture of CO2]''' - [http://www.babcock.com/ Babcock & Wilcox] and American Electric Power are exploring bringing to market a new combustion technology to reduce emissions from coal-fired power plants. Oxy-coal combustion uses pure oxygen by eliminating nitrogen from the air, assisting CO2 capture and sequestration. ''Inside Greentech''; Mar. 15, 2007)

[[Image:Vertigro_95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.valcent.net/ Valcent Products develops bio-reactor for algae oil production]''' - [http://biopact.com/2006/10/global-green-to-earn-exclusive-world.html Vertigro vertical bio-reactor] is a C02 sequestration system for the mass production of algae that consume C02 using sunlight for photosynthesis. <br style="clear:right;">

<youtube>_ToojK_MJd0</youtube>
3.16  Minutes <b>Vertical Algae biofuel Growing</b><br>
[http://www.valcent.net/s/Home.asp Valcent's own video of Vertigro].
([http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ToojK_MJd0 ''You Tube''] Feb. 1, 2008)

==Research & Development==

*{{Template:091111:Gas2:Making Fuel From Air With Engineered Microbes}}

*[http://www.physorg.com/news166374180.html SYNTHETIC TREE CAPTURES CARBON 1,000 FASTER THAN REAL TREES] - Scientists have designed a synthetic tree that traps carbon dioxide from the air in an attempt to combat growing emissions. The device looks less like a tree and more like a small building, but it can collect carbon about 1,000 times faster than a real tree. (''PhysOrg.com'' July 09, 2009)

*<font size="1">[[Directory:Natural Gas|Natural Gas]] > </font><br>'''[http://earthalternate.blogspot.com/2009/04/new-way-to-convert-co2-into-methanol.html New Way to Convert CO2 into Methanol]''' - Scientists at the Singapore-based Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (IBN) have achieved an unparalleled feat by transforming carbon dioxide into methanol. Methanol (natural gas) is a widely used form of industrial feedstock and clean-burning biofuel.  (''Alternative Energy'' blog; April 28, 2009) <br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Nitrogen-doped titania nanotube array 95x95.gif|right]]
*<font size="1">[[Directory:Nanotechnology|Nanotechnology]] ></font><br>'''[http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16621-sunpowered-device-converts-co2-into-fuel.html Sun-powered device converts CO2 into fuel]''' -  Powered only by natural sunlight, an array of nanotubes is able to convert a mixture of carbon dioxide and water vapour into natural gas at 20 times higher than with other nanotech methods. (''New Scientist''; Feb. 18, 2009)<br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Drillingrig 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/02/carbonstorage.html Carbon Burial Research Grows as Huge Experiment Begins]'''' - An $84 million collaboration between the [http://www.netl.doe.gov/technologies/carbon_seq/index.html DOE] and industrial partners including Archer Daniels Midland, will serve up CO2 from its ethanol fermenters at the Mt Simon, Illinois formation. The [http://www.sequestration.org/present.htm Midwest Geological Carbon Sequestration Consortium] is leading the controversial CO2 sequestration research project. (''Wired''; Feb. 15, 2009)<br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Ecobox breath95x95.jpg|right]]
*<font size="1">[[Directory:Biofuels|Biofuels]] / [[Directory:CO2 Sequestration|CO2 Sequestration]] ></font><br>'''[http://www.greenerideal.com/transportation/biofuels/could-your-breath-be-turned-into-biofuel/ Could your breath be turned into biofuel?]''' - The Liverpool John Lennon Airport is testing out a device called an Ecobox from [http://www.origo-industries.com/ Origo Industries] that will capture CO2 from the air that’s exhaled by passengers and turn it into fuel to be used by the airport’s diesel vehicles and heating system. (''Greener.Ideal''; Feb. 6, 2009)<br style="clear:right;">  

[[Image:CO2 Scrubbing Tower 95X95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.thetechherald.com/article.php/200840/2155/Canadian-scientist-creates-atmosphere-saving-CO2-scrubbing-machine Canadian scientist creates atmosphere-saving CO2 scrubbing machine]''' - David Keith and a team of researchers working out of the [http://www.ucalgary.ca/~keith/AirCapture.html University of Calgary]  believes they are close to  developing a relatively simple machine that can capture, or “scrub” the trace amount of CO2 present in the air at any place on the planet. (''The Tech Herald''; Sept. 30, 2008) <br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Serpentine rock 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0302/03.html Capturing Carbon]''' - An eighth-grader's science fair project prompts her scientist father to develop a new way to pull excess carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere. Geophysicist [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/0302/03-ask.html Klaus Lackner from Columbia University] answers questions on carbon capture and storage.  (''NOVA ScienceNOW''; July 2, 2008) <br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Johann Heinrich von Thünen-Institut 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news134723755.html Higher CO2 levels may be good for plants: German scientists]''' - Increasing exposure to carbon dioxide appears to boost crop yields, Hans-Joachim Weigel of the [http://www.vti.bund.de/en/ Johann Heinrich von Thuenen Institute] for rural areas, forestry and fisheries in the central city of Brunswick told AFP. (''PhysOrg''; July 8, 2008)<br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Jeffrey Drese GeorgiaTech 95x95.jpg|right|frame|Jeffrey Drese, Georgia Tech]]
*'''[http://www.gatech.edu/newsroom/release.html?id=1746 Low-Cost Reusable Material Could Facilitate Carbon Dioxide Capture]''' - Researchers have developed a new, low-cost hyperbranched aluminosilica (HAS), material, for capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the smokestacks of coal-fired power plants and other generators of the greenhouse gas.(''Georgia Tech''; March 6, 2008)<br style="clear:right;">

*'''[http://co2science.org/ CO2 Science]''' - Research on CO2 and its affects on the Climate.

*'''[http://www.whrc.org/carbon/index.htm Global Carbon Cycle]''' - The global carbon cycle involves the earth's atmosphere, fossil fuels, the oceans, and the vegetation and soils of the earth's terrestrial ecosystems.

== Alternatives to Sequestration ==
[[Image:Co2 converter batch reactor 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.newswise.com/articles/view/549612/ Recycling a Greenhouse Gas for High-Energy Fuel]''' - A team of researchers at Penn State has come up with an ingenious method of turning captured CO2 into methane, using the energy of the sun. (''NewsWise''; Feb. 27, 2009)<br style="clear:right;">

*[[Wikipedia:Carbonated_water]] - Make seltzer water.
[[Image:Co2 to fuel 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.inhabitat.com/2008/10/13/turning-carbon-into-feul/ Breakthrough Science: Turning CO2 into Fuels]''' - [http://www.carbonsciences.com/01/news.php Carbon Sciences] recently announced a technological breakthrough that is capable of transforming CO2 emissions into fuel. The development utilizes a highly scalable bio-catalytic process to economically convert one of the most omnipresent causes of global warming, CO2, into the basic building blocks of most fuels used to drive transportation and industry today. (''Inhabitat''; Oct. 13, 2008)<br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Getpaidforcarbon 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.ecogeek.org/content/view/1560/81/ Five Ways to turn CO2 into CASH]''' - If we have this CO2, why don't we do something useful with it!? (''EcoGeek''; April 17, 2008)<br style="clear:right;">

= See also =
*[[Directory:Global Cooling]]
*[[Directory:Global Warming]]

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