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Man-made solar energy harvesting systems that mimick nature's photosynthesis.

Artificial photosynthesis would not only provide a green and renewable source of electrical energy, but could also help scrub the atmosphere of excessive carbon dioxide. To get there, however, scientists need a far better understanding of how Nature does it, starting with the harvesting of sunlight and the transporting of this energy to electrochemical reaction centers. [http://www.physorg.com/news128348686.html]

: ''See also [[Directory:Solar Hydrogen]]''

= Technologies =

*{{Template:News:090707:rp.pl-translation:Gasoline from carbon dioxide is not science fiction}}

[[Image:Colored leaf 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.gizmag.com/snx/link.php?M=40108&N=625&L=11443 Converting light into energy with ‘artificial leaf’ one step closer]''' - As an efficient, natural means of capturing solar energy, photosynthesis is hard to beat. But it's also proving extremely difficult to duplicate. Researchers at Leiden University in the Netherlands have built a light-harvesting antenna using the chlorophyll of the alga Spirulina, bring them half way towards creating an artificial leaf. (''GizMag''; July 1, 2009) <br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Sunlight-liquid-fuel 95x95.jpg|right]]
*<font size="1">[[Directory:Alternative_Fuels|Alt Fuels]] > </font><br>'''[http://www.alternative-energy-news.info:80/turning-sunlight-into-liquid-fuel/ Turning Sunlight Into Liquid Fuel]''' - Researchers with the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory are now in the process of a major breakthrough towards artificial photosynthesis, banking on cobalt oxide that can effectively carry out the crucial photosynthetic reaction of splitting water molecules to develop fuels. (''Alt. Energy''; Mar. 17, 2009) <br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:MonashSplitsWaterlikeNature95x95_byKevn.gif|right]]
*'''[http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2008-08/mu-mtl081408.php Monash team learns from nature to split water]''' - The breakthrough could revolutionise the renewable energy industry by making hydrogen – touted as the clean, green fuel of the future – cheaper and easier to produce on a commercial scale. ([http://hardware.slashdot.org/article.pl?sid=08/08/17/2034210 ''Slashdot'']) (''Monash University''; Aug. 17, 2008)<br style="clear:right;">

[[Image:Photosynthesis pigment protein complex 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[[Directory:Solar:Photosynthesis_Immitation|Photosynthesis Imitation]] > [http://www.physorg.com/news128348686.html Researchers Find New Details Following the Path of Solar Energy During Photosynthesis]''' - Graham Fleming of the U.S. Department of Energy’s Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California at Berkeley, is the leader of an ongoing effort to discover how plants are able to transfer energy through a network of pigment-protein complexes with nearly 100-percent efficiency. (''PhysOrg''; Apr. 25, 2008)<br style="clear:right;">

*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news104508113.html Could photosynthesis have a key role in future energy supply?]''' - If we can understand exactly how plants capture and store solar energy, we could mimic the natural process to design solar panels with better energy conversion rates and also develop a clean, efficient means of producing hydrogen fuel; as well as develop better crops for biofuels. (''PhysOrg''; July 24, 2007)

[[Image:Quantumbeati 95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news95605211.html Quantum secrets of photosynthesis revealed]''' - Through photosynthesis, green plants and cyanobacteria are able to transfer sunlight energy to molecular reaction centers for conversion into chemical energy with nearly 100-percent efficiency. Speed is the key - the transfer of the solar energy takes place almost instantaneously so little energy is wasted as heat. How photosynthesis achieves this near instantaneous energy transfer is a long-standing mystery that may have finally been solved. (''PhysOrg''; Apr. 12, 2007) <br style="clear:right;">

*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news95605211.html Quantum secrets of photosynthesis revealed]''' - Through photosynthesis, green plants and cyanobacteria are able to transfer sunlight energy to molecular reaction centers for conversion into chemical energy with nearly 100-percent efficiency. Speed is the key - the transfer of the solar energy takes place almost instantaneously so little energy is wasted as heat. How photosynthesis achieves this near instantaneous energy transfer is a long-standing mystery that may have finally been solved. (''PhysOrg''; Apr. 12, 2007)

*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news76344249.html Re-inventing nature for cheaper solar power]''' - A research team in Sydney has created molecules that mimic those in plants which harvest light and power life on Earth. (''PhysOrg''; Sept. 1, 2006)
*'''[http://www.solaronix.com/ Solaronix]''' - Development of dye sensitized nanocristalline titanium oxide solar photovoltaic cells imitating natural photosynthesis. This new solar cells is based on the mechanism of a regenerative photoelectrochemical process. The active layer consists of a highly porous nanocrystalline titanium oxide (nc-TiO2) deposited on a transparent electrically conducting substrate.

*'''[http://www.dyesol.com/ Dyesol]''' - Dye Solar Cell (DSC), based on artificial photosynthesis is based on the concept of a dye analogous to chlorophyll absorbing light and thus generating electrons which enter the conduction band of a high surface area semiconductor film and further move through an external circuit, thus converting light into ‘green’ power. This is a two-step photovoltaic process, unlike the one step process of conventional PV. It is a photoelectrochemical cell: charge separation occurs on interface between a wide bandgap semiconductor (e.g. titania TiO2) and an electrolyte.

*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news3559.html New Technology enables scientists to track molecular energy transfer in photosynthesis]''' - Scientists have been able to follow the flow of excitation energy in both time and space in a molecular complex using a new technique called two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. This technique has already been used to make a surprise finding about the process of photosynthesis. (''PhysOrg''; March 31, 2005)

[[Image:Berkley_photosynthesis_90.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.lbl.gov/Science-Articles/Archive/sb/Oct-2004/3-INCITE-Photosynthesis.html Berkley Group Emulating Photosynthesis]''' - Nature is 97% efficient in converting sunlight to energy. University group receives govt. funding to pursue a process that mimics nature. 
  
*'''[http://www.technologyreview.com/articles/04/08/rnb_083104.asp?trk=nl Photosynthesis Drives Solar Cell]''' - Researchers have harnessed the light harvesting molecules of spinach and bacteria to make solar cells that could one day be sprayed on many surfaces. (MIT ''Technology Review''; Aug. 31, 2004)

[[Image:Photosynthesis_cfcc_net_95x95.jpg|right]]
*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news76344249.html Re-inventing nature for cheaper solar power]''' - A research team in Sydney has created molecules that mimic those in plants which harvest light and power life on Earth. (''PhysOrg''; Sept. 1, 2006) 
  
*'''[http://www.physorg.com/news3559.html New Technology enables scientists to track molecular energy transfer in photosynthesis]''' - Scientists have been able to follow the flow of excitation energy in both time and space in a molecular complex using a new technique called two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy. This technique has already been used to make a surprise finding about the process of photosynthesis. (''PhysOrg''; March 31, 2005)

= See also =
*[[Directory:Mimicking Living Organisms]]

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